ABSTRACT
Purpose: The study was conducted to calculate and compare the surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in chevron, frown, and straight incisions in manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Methods: A prospective, hospital-based study was conducted on 90 patients aged 50 years and above with nuclear sclerosis of grade 4 or more. Each group had 30 patients, divided into Group V (chevron incision), Group S (straight incision), and Group F (frown incision). Patients who had with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism were operated on through a chevron or straight incision superiorly, while patients who had against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism underwent MSICS through a temporal frown incision. The patients were followed up post-operatively on days 1, 7, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, and at each visit, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and SIA were calculated and compared. Results: The mean age of all the patients was 66.22 � 8.05 years. BCVA of at least 6/18 or better at 12 weeks post?operatively was achieved in 29 patients (97%) in Group V, 28 patients (93%) in Group F, and 29 patients (97%) in Group S. The mean SIA in Group V was 0.34D � 0.22D, in Group S was 0.97D � 0.29D, and in Group F was 0.575D � 0.25D. Conclusion: SIA by chevron incision is the least followed by the frown incision and straight incision. The superiorly placed chevron incision in WTR astigmatism provided optimal results for the best UCVA and minimal SIA. The temporal frown incision in ATR astigmatism also had good results.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of parental and childhood myopia among school children aged 5–16 years in North India. Methods: This study included a total of 1400 children aged 5–16 years in a district in North India. Visual acuity was measured using a Snellen’s chart. Children with myopia after retinoscopy were worked up in detail in our institute and a history of parental myopia was taken. Results: A total of 1400 students studying in class 5–10, aged between 5 and 16 years, were screened. A total of 487 students had myopia. Of the 487 myopes, 220 (45.2%) had parental myopia, of which 115 (30.1%) had myopia in both parents, 64 (19.3%) had mothers with myopia, and 41 (13.3%) had fathers with myopia. The prevalence of paternal (P = 0.001) and maternal (P = 0.002) myopia in myopes compared to parental myopia in emmetropes was found to be highly significant. There was a highly significant statistical correlation between maternal myopia and myopia in the child, when compared to the presence of myopia in both the parents (P = 0.007). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant correlation between myopia in the parents and children, which was more significant in the mothers of the children